Author: Каримова, Н.Э.

Annotation: This article examines the tributary system, the origins of which are deeply rooted in Chinese history. Drawing on Chinese written sources and the work of Chinese scholars, the article outlines the formation of the tributary system and the associated procedures established between ancient China and surrounding tribes and other nations; these practices represented a continuation and evolution of the legal framework governing relations between the imperial court and local authorities—as well as between the emperor and local ruling princes—during the pre-Qin era.

Keywords: tributary system, *chao*, *gong*, territorial relations, five-level system, continuity.

Pages in journal: 100 - 101