Author: Khasanova, Feruza

Annotation: . This article discusses the concepts of «Baihua» and «wenyan ", their similarities and differences, as well as the burial language of these two realities of the Chinese language. The grammatical and lexical-semantic features of classical Chinese and Baihua, as well as their mutual influence are noted. As it is known, in Chinese before the declaration of Putonghua in standard Chinese, in parallel, there were two realities, this is the classical Chinese language - wenyan , which was relevant in China until the end of the twentieth century, and Baihua "spoken language". Laconic sayings on wenyan, texts of classical works of Chinese literature contain about half the number of hieroglyphs than the same text on Baihua. In wenyan, monosyllabic words (written in one hieroglyph) predominate, while in Baihua, disyllabic words (written in two hieroglyphs) dominate; in the Wenyan texts, transposition is a frequent phenomenon, when many hieroglyphic words in different situations can be different parts of speech; reliance on context is used, in particular, to avoid unnecessary pronominalization (use of pronouns), frequent non-use of subjects in general; no punctuation; no affixation. According to Chinese linguists, the first works on Baihua appeared in the period of the Song dynasties (960- 1279) and the Yuan (1271-1368). The flourishing of Baihua prose falls on the Song-Yuan epoch (10th-14th centuries), when significant changes took place in social and cultural life, reflected in literature as well. One of the most important features of spiritual life is the development of folk forms of culture: folk theater, different types of folklore (narrative genres, narratives). Prose on Baihua , i.e. in the literary language, which is close to the Conversational Speech ( Baihua Xiao Shan ), is one of the most important types of Chinese literature of the Middle Ages and one of the main directions of the creative activity of Writers since the XI century. In the twentieth century, this type of literature became the basis of modern prose (novel, story). The name Baihua Xiao Shan is a concept of a late period, when in Chinese culture the distinctions between two literary languages were clearly designated: the classic " wenyan " and the colloquia " Baihua ".

Keywords: Baihua , wenyan, classical Chinese, guoyu , Putonghua , the 4th May movement , zhongwen , hanyu , 语法 yufa, 文法 wenfa .