Author: Mamadaliyev, A.A.; Izzetova, E.M.

Annotation: This article explores the development of scientific and philosophical thought in the Arab-Muslim East during the 8th–12th centuries, employing methods of historical reconstruction, textual analysis, and philosophical-theoretical approaches. It examines the formation of major intellectual centers such as Baghdad, Bukhara, and Damascus, the activities of the “Bayt al-Hikma” (House of Wisdom), and the work of translation schools that integrated Greek, Indian, and Persian traditions. The scientific legacy of prominent scholars—including Al-Khwarizmi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd, and Al-Biruni—is analyzed across fields such as logic, metaphysics, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and political philosophy. Special attention is given to the contributions of Eastern Peripatetics, the role of Sufi philosophy, the methodological function of rationalism, and debates between philosophy and theology. The article also assesses the influence of Arab-Muslim intellectual thought on European scholasticism and the Renaissance, while discussing the political and religious factors that contributed to the decline of scientific progress and the contemporary relevance of Islamic philosophy.

Keywords: Arab-Muslim Sharqi, science, Al-Khwarazmi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, scientific heritage, School of translation.

Pages in journal: 306 - 315