Author: Chutmatov, Jo’rabek

Annotation: This article is devoted to the history of astronomy in our country, in particular, the work of scientists of Mowarounnahr in this area. Although Musa al-Khwarizmi and Ahmad al-Farghani are the first Uzbek astronomers, their work in Iraq, Syria and Egypt is a priority. In this context, monitoring local schools and their development is also important.Termez and Chaghaniyan regions, located in the present-day Surkhandarya region, have a special place in this process. In particular, about 70 years after the introduction of the usturlob into the Islamic world, it began to use in the territory of Termez through Muhammad Hakim Termizi (ca. 820-932). Then, in the late tenth century, Ahmad Usturlabi Chaghani's work in the observatories of Baghdad was particularly noteworthy, and his manuscripts are preserved in Turkey, India, Damascus, England, and Paris. Their study will undoubtedly make a worthy contribution to the study of the history of our country's scientists and local astronomy, which has not yet been sufficiently studied. Termez, in general, the astronomical school operating in the Surkhandarya oasis, reached its peak in the form of an observatory built in Termez for 10 years during the reign of Sayyid Abul-Qasim Majdiddin Ali ibn Jafar from 1135 to 1146.It is noteworthy that local scientists such as Adib Sabir Termizi also worked at this observatory. Haji Khalifa (1609-1657) gives information about Sayyid Jamal al-Din Abu Ja'far Husayn ibn Majd Ali ibn Ahmad Husayn al-Tirmidhi Ayni's book on astronomy in Turkish "Mazaq al-ushshaq fiy ilm al-ofaq" (The taste that lovers find in the science of horizons. In addition, some of the information given by Haji Khalifa about the measurement patterns in Haqqiq al-Irsad means that the observations mentioned in it were in Termez or that these lengths and measurements were according to Termez standards. Because of the research, it can be said that the astronomical school of the Surkhandarya oasis has also been formed at the level of a school that has a place in our country and the Islamic world.

Keywords: Damascus, Bagdad, Termiz, Chaganian, Hakim Termizi, Madjiddin, Ahmad Sagani, observatory, astrolabe.