Author: Manzarov, Yusup

Annotation: This article analyzes the socio-economic characteristics and signs of early civilizations of ancient times. The formation of early civilizations, both in the ancient East and in the West, their social structure, economic life, crafts and trade relations are highlighted. It also examines the development of government, social stratification, division of labor, writing systems, and cultural achievements in these civilizations. The article also analyzes the factors that led to the emergence of early civilizations and their influence on subsequent historical development.

Keywords: Ancient civilizations, Social stratification, Government, Agriculture and crafts, Irrigation systems, Trade relations, Urbanization, Writing culture, Division of labor, Cultural achievements.

Pages in journal: 95 - 102