Author: Kholmuminov, Jafar Muhammadiyevich; Abdollahi, Mohammad Esmaeil

Annotation: Throughout its integration into Islamic culture, philosophy has encountered diverse fates and challenges. At times, it has been revered in its broadest sense, with scholars of intellectual science occupying esteemed positions. Conversely, there have been periods of disdain and neglect, where intellectual pursuits were outright rejected. Philosophers and logicians faced condemnation, hindrance, and excommunication, with some even sacrificing their lives for their beliefs. Nonetheless, within Islamic culture, there have always been movements both in favor of and in opposition to philosophy and intellectual sciences, varying in degrees of acceptance. Generally, these opposition groups can be classified into three main groups, as follows: 1- Theological movement of Ash'arites. 2- Movement of textualism (“traditionalism” - Akhbarism) among Shiites and “people of traditions” (Ahl al-Hadith) among Sunnis. 3- Movement of mysticism and sufism.

Keywords: Philosophy, Intellection, Ash'arites, Textualistm, Mysticism (Sufism – Irfan).

Pages in journal: 161 - 183